Performance & Security

Key strategies:

1. Code Splitting — Load only the code needed for the current page

2. Lazy Loading — Defer images, components, and routes

3. Minification — Compress JS, CSS, and HTML

4. Compression — Enable Gzip/Brotli on the server

5. CDN — Serve assets from edge locations close to users

6. Image Optimization — Use WebP/AVIF, responsive srcset, lazy loading

7. Caching — Set proper Cache-Control headers

8. Tree Shaking — Remove unused code during bundling

9. Critical CSS — Inline above-the-fold CSS

10. Preload/Prefetch — Hint browser about critical resources

11. Font Display — Use font-display: swap to avoid FOIT

12. Reduce Third-Party Scripts — Defer or async non-critical scripts

A CDN (Content Delivery Network) is a network of geographically distributed servers that cache and deliver content from locations close to users.

Benefits:

1. Reduced latency — Content served from nearest edge server

2. Faster load times — Shorter physical distance = less travel time

3. Reduced server load — Origin server handles fewer requests

4. High availability — Redundancy across multiple locations

5. DDoS protection — Traffic distributed across network

6. Bandwidth savings — Cached content reduces origin bandwidth

7. SEO boost — Faster load times improve search rankings

Popular CDNs: Cloudflare, Vercel Edge Network, AWS CloudFront, Fastly, Akamai

Code-level optimizations:

1. Code splitting -- Load only what's needed for the current page

2. Tree shaking -- Remove unused code

3. Lazy loading -- Defer non-critical resources

4. Minification -- Reduce JS/CSS file sizes

5. Bundle analysis -- Identify and remove large dependencies

Asset optimization:

6. Image optimization -- WebP/AVIF, responsive images, lazy loading

7. Font optimization -- font-display: swap, subset fonts, preload critical fonts

8. Compress resources -- Gzip/Brotli compression

Network optimization:

9. CDN -- Serve assets from edge locations

10. HTTP/2 -- Multiplexing, server push

11. Caching -- Cache-Control headers, service workers

12. Preconnect/Preload -- Resource hints

Rendering:

13. SSR/SSG -- Server-rendered or pre-built HTML

14. Critical CSS -- Inline above-the-fold CSS

15. Defer non-critical JS -- async/defer attributes

A CDN (Content Delivery Network) is a geographically distributed network of servers that delivers web content to users from the nearest location.

How it works:

1. Origin server stores the original content

2. CDN copies content to edge servers worldwide

3. User requests are routed to the nearest edge server

4. Content is served from the edge (low latency)

Benefits:

1. Reduced latency -- Content served from nearby servers

2. Improved load times -- Faster delivery

3. Reduced bandwidth -- Origin server handles fewer requests

4. High availability -- If one server fails, others take over

5. DDoS protection -- Distributed infrastructure absorbs attacks

6. Caching -- Static assets cached at the edge

7. SSL/TLS -- Free HTTPS certificates

Popular CDNs: Vercel Edge Network, Cloudflare, AWS CloudFront, Akamai, Fastly